Embroidery Culture

Kukho iqhekeza elinye kuphela lokuhombisa elivela kwiYuan Dynasty kwiMyuziyam yeSizwe yaseTaipei, kwaye iselilifa leNgoma yoBukhosi.Imfumba eyayisetyenziswa yiYuan yayirhabaxa kancinane, kwaye imithungo yayingaxinenanga njengaleyo yoBukhosi beNgoma.Abalawuli bomnombo weYuan babekholelwa kubuLamaism, kwaye imihombiso yayingasetyenziselwa ukuhombisa nje kuphela isinxibo esiqhelekileyo, kodwa nakwimveliso yemifanekiso eqingqiweyo yamaBhuda, imiqulu ye-sutra, iibhanile kunye neminqwazi yeemonki.

Imelwe yiYuan Dynasty "I-Embroidered Dense Vajra Statue" egcinwe kwiPotala Palace eTibet, enesitayela esomeleleyo sokuhombisa.I-embroidery efunyenwe kwingcwaba lika-Li Yu'an kwi-Yuan Dynasty e-Shandong yafunyanwa yenziwe ngokufaka i-damask ukongeza kwimithungo eyahlukeneyo.Yinto ehonjisiweyo yeentyatyambo zeplum kwi skirt, kwaye iipetals zihonjiswe ngokudibanisa isilika kunye nokuhonjiswa, oku-ntathu-dimensional.

Inkqubo yokudaya kunye nokuluka yeMing Dynasty yaphuhliswa ngexesha likaXuande.Owona mhombiso uvelisa izinto ezintsha zolawulo lweMing yayifefe imisonto yokuhombisa.I-embroidery yenziwa ngemisonto ephothiweyo ephindwe kabini ebalwa ngemingxuma yentambo yomngxuma wesikwere, kunye neepateni zejometri okanye ngentyatyambo ephambili yemfumba.

Kwi-Qing Dynasty, uninzi lwemihombiso yenkundla yasebukhosini yazotywa ngabapeyinti beRuyi Hall yeOfisi yebhotwe, yavunywa yaza yathunyelwa kwiindibano zocweyo ezintathu zokuhombisa phantsi kolawulo lweJiangnan Weaving, apho imiluko yenziwe ngokungqinelana ne. iipateni.Ukongeza kwi-embroidery yenkundla yasebukhosini, bekukho izinto ezininzi ezihonjisiweyo zalapha ekhaya, ezinje ngeLu, umthungo waseGuangdong, umthungo waseHunan, umhombiso waseBeijing, umhombiso weSu, kunye nomhombiso weShu, nganye ineempawu zayo zasekhaya.U-Su, uShu, uYue kunye no-Xiang kamva babizwa ngokuba yi "Embroideries ezine ezidumileyo", apho i-Su embroidery yayiyeyona idumileyo.

Ngexesha le-embroidery ye-Su, kwakukho imithungo emininzi eyahlukeneyo, umsebenzi omhle wokuthunga, kunye nokudibanisa imibala ehlakaniphile.Uninzi lwezoyilo ezenziweyo zezemibhiyozo, ubomi obude kunye nethamsanqa, ngakumbi kwiintyatyambo kunye neentaka, ezazithandwa kakhulu, kwaye abathungi abadumileyo baphuma emva komnye.

Ngexesha lasemva kwexesha le-Qing Dynasty kunye nexesha lokuqala leRiphabhlikhi, xa imfundo yaseNtshona yayisanda eMpuma, kwavela imisebenzi emitsha yokuhombisa iSuzhou.Ngexesha leGuangxu, uShen Yunzhi, umfazi kaYu Jue, waduma eSuzhou ngezakhono zakhe ezibalaseleyo zokuhombisa.Xa wayeneminyaka engama-30 ubudala, wahombisa iifreyimu ezisibhozo ze "Eight Immortals Celebrating Longevity" ukubhiyozela usuku lokuzalwa lwe-70th ye-Empress Dowager Cixi, kwaye wanikwa abalinganiswa "Fu" kunye no "Shou".

U-Shen uhonjiswe indlela endala kunye neengcamango ezintsha, wabonisa ukukhanya kunye nombala, kwaye wasebenzisa inyani, kwaye wachaza iimpawu zomzobo weNtshonalanga Xiao Shen ukulinganisa kwi-embroidery, ukudala "i-embroidery yokulinganisa", okanye "i-embroidery yobugcisa", enemithungo eyahlukeneyo kunye nesithathu. -ingqiqo yobukhulu.

Kule mihla, obu bugcisa bugqwesileyo sele buhambile kwaye bube yindawo entle kwinqanaba lamazwe ngamazwe.Xa izakhono zemveli zisetyenziselwa intsimi yefashoni, ziqhakaza ngendlela engaqhelekanga.Ibonisa umtsalane ongaqhelekanga wenkcubeko yesizwe.

Namhlanje, i-embroidery yaseTshayina phantse kulo lonke ilizwe.Umhombiso waseSuzhou, umthungo weHunan Hunan, umthungo weSichuan Shu kunye neGuangdong Guangdong embroidery zaziwa njengeebroideries ezine ezidumileyo zaseTshayina.Imisebenzi ye-embroidery yobugcisa eye yaphuhliswa ukuza kuthi ga ngoku yenziwe ngokucokisekileyo kwaye inzima.